Gutenberg’s printing press revolutionized the way the written word was replicated, bringing two-dimensional printing into the world and so vastly increasing accessibility of information. From that ...

Although 4D printing is considered very promising for various biomedical applications – such as tissue scaffolds, neural scaffolds, grafts and stents, cardiac patches and valves, even bionic ...

With 4D printing, the objects can change shape or properties using external stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, magnetic field, electricity, and moisture. Additionally, the changes in shape or ...

4D printing introduces the "time dimension" based on 3D printing, enabling printed structures to undergo controllable dynamic changes in shape, properties, or functions under external stimuli such as ...

A Chinese research team has developed a single-step femtosecond laser 4D printing technology that enables rapid and precise ...

In CNC milling, the so-called “4th axis” is rotation of either the tool or the part around the other. In additive manufacturing techniques, like 3D printing, the angle at which a material is deposited ...

Have you ever imaged high-resolution 3D structures at the micro/nanoscale that react dynamically to their surroundings? The 4D printing technology is changing the game by using smart materials that ...

Engineers have created a new shape-changing or 'morphing' 3D printing nozzle, which offers researchers new means for 3D printing 'fiber-filled composites.' Engineers at the University of Maryland (UMD ...