Scientists have succeeded in synthesizing sheet-like 2D polymers by a bottom-up process for the first time. A novel synthetic reaction route was developed for this purpose. The 2D polymers consist of ...

At the heart of bottom-up nanotechnology lies a process driven by thermodynamics and kinetics, rather than the deterministic approaches characteristic of top-down methods. This fundamental difference ...

In many texts and online articles that I have read, there are discussions about the value of behavioral models. The discussion normally goes something like this: Analog design is basically a bottom-up ...