Ischemia and reperfusion can cause death and illness. The interruption of the arterial blood supply to a single organ or to multiple organs leads to hypoxic injury and cell death. In cases in which ...

Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized science, enabling researchers to tag and visualize individual molecules in living cells, tissues, and animals. Using these tools, researchers have watched ...

An artist’s conception shows NASA’s Europa Clipper probe flying over Europa. (NASA / JPL-Caltech Illustration) Scientists have verified that a method to look for cellular life on Europa, an ...

Rather than being derived from existing cells or cellular genetic elements, viruses may have existed before cellular life. Self-replicating units in the ancient virosphere may have gained the ability ...

At the microscopic edge of biology, researchers have uncovered an organism so stripped down that it forces a rethink of what it means to be alive. The discovery hints at a form of existence that is ...

While these are not artificial life forms created entirely from scratch, the work demonstrates an unprecedented level of control over the genetic software that powers living cells — and could reshape ...