Electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force are two distinct fundamental forces. That wasn’t always the case. How many fundamental forces are there in our universe? For particle physicists, answering ...

We don’t know for sure, but some of the massive stars in this nebula could be electroweak stars. For some stellar objects, the final phase before or instead of collapsing into a black hole may be what ...

When small stars die, they collapse to form neutron stars in which the Pauli exclusion principle prevents further collapse. Anything more massive eventually becomes a black hole (with the cut off at ...

We explore how forces of nature, once unified, were forced to separate. Our universe seems..complicated. We have a weird zoo of elementary particles, which interact through very different fundamental ...

Physicists propose there may be a new stage for some dying stars. Dubbed electroweak stars, they are fueled by the conversion of quarks to leptons, which prevents or staves off collapse into a black ...

Today, the universe as we know it is governed by four fundamental forces: the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravity. However, these four forces aren’t exactly as ...

The ultimate stability of the vacuum of our universe may rest on the masses of two fundamental particles, the Higgs boson — that inhabits all space and time — and the top quark. The latest ...

Scientists have proposed a new class of star, one that has an exotic stellar engine that would emit mostly hard-to-detect neutrinos instead of photons of light like regular stars. These objects, ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...