Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

Imagine you're at a fair, and you see a booth with a giant dartboard. The booth owner challenges you to hit the bullseye. You take your shot, and the dart lands somewhere on the board. Now imagine ...