Neutron reflectometry is a powerful analytical technique used to study the structure and composition of thin films, multilayers, and interfaces at the nanoscale. It involves directing a beam of ...

Graphene is a monolayer of graphite that is of significant interest because of its wide variety of applications in the semiconductor, healthcare, and aerospace fields. The unique properties of ...

The unique properties of neutrons make them unmatched probes for materials science. Although they are particles, they have a wave-like nature, with wavelengths in the same range as X-ray wavelengths, ...

Originally developed for navigation and timing applications, signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are now commonly used for geophysical remote sensing applications, including ...

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) has emerged as an invaluable tool in soil science, offering precise quantification of moisture content and the electromagnetic characterisation of soils. By ...

Acoustic pulse reflectometry (APR) is a tube inspection method that has been gradually gaining acceptance as a tool for heat exchanger inspection. Different types of heat exchangers operating in ...

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The basic concepts underpinning time-domain reflectometry. Difference between frequency- and time-domain analysis. Some applications of TDR measurements. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a technique ...

Optical methods are among the most common approaches to biosensing for plants and animals. For example, remote sensing equipment from satellites routinely use reflectance quality to determine the ...

In this look at transmission line theory, we will assume an RG-58 type of coaxial cable which has a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. Where we let C stand for the capacitance per unit length, 30 pF ...