Probability theory has long provided a rigorous framework for quantifying uncertainty, yet its extension to infinite sets introduces profound conceptual challenges and opportunities. Contemporary ...

Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...

For all the deference to “laws” of nature that supposedly govern everything that happens, the truth is that randomness rules the world. Everywhere you look, randomness is at work, in all the processes ...

Classical probability theory assumes an equal likelihood for all outcomes. For example, if you were to flip a coin, there's an equal change of it landing on "heads" or "tails." Microsoft Excel offers ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract It is shown that quantum mechanics cannot be formulated as a stochastic theory involving a probability distribution function of position and ...

HALF a century of research has shown that people do not always follow the “rational” rules of classical probability theory when making decisions, particularly under conditions of uncertainty.

The conjunction and disjunction fallacies are famous for revealing the limits of human reasoning about probability. This can be measured by telling people a short story about a character and then ...

The next time someone accuses you of making an irrational decision, just explain that you're obeying the laws of quantum physics. A new trend taking shape in psychological science not only uses ...

Classical real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value—namely, zero—to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that ...