The Indus Valley Civilization left behind a mysterious script carved into seals, tablets, and pottery—but we still don’t know what it says. In this episode, we explore what archaeologists and ...

The Indus Valley Civilization is one of the world's oldest urban societies and is still mysterious, attracting scholars and enthusiasts to uncover its secrets. Among all its mysteries, perhaps the ...

The Rosetta Stone allowed 19th century scholars to translate symbols left by an ancient civilization and thus decipher the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics. But the symbols found on many other ...

Four-thousand years ago, an urban civilization lived and traded on what is now the border between Pakistan and India. During the past century, thousands of artifacts bearing hieroglyphics left by this ...

In the mid-1850s, a few years after the British annexation of the Punjab, some railway builders stumbled upon an ancient mound of terracotta bricks at Harappa in the valley of the Ravi. Despite ...

Figure 1. 'Unicorn' stamp seal and modern impression. Source: Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access/Public domain In my previous post, I discussed the Indian subcontinent's first civilization and ...

A series of century-scale droughts may have quietly reshaped one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations. New climate reconstructions show that the Indus Valley Civilization endured repeated long ...